{"id":11101,"date":"2026-08-16T13:47:30","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T06:47:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=11101"},"modified":"2026-08-16T13:47:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T06:47:30","slug":"my-tao-day-chuyen-san-xuat-silicon-sieu-tinh-khiet-cho-chip-luong-tu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=11101","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1o d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t silicon si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft cho chip l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\nM\u1ef9 t\u1ea1o d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t silicon si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft cho chip l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed <\/h1>\n

Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c hai ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p silicon-28 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 99,9999%.<\/p>\n

Theo Interesting Engineering<\/em>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia Oak Ridge (ORNL) v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e2y b\u1eafc Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng (PNNL) c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 (DOE) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t silicon v\u00e0 germanium si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u, s\u1ea1ch h\u01a1n 100 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p silicon-28 (\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a silicon, chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 92,2% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silicon t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean) v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 99,9999%, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qubit duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n

“B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tia l\u1eeda gi\u00fap th\u1ed5i b\u00f9ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp theo”, Christopher Landers, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c V\u0103n ph\u00f2ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9, n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i khi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed b\u00ean trong chip t\u1ea1o ra. V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silicon v\u00e0 germanium t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5u \u1edf c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qubit (bit l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed) d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng tin. Qubit l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u00f4ng tin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i 0, 1 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng l\u00fac nh\u1edd hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1eadp. Qubit r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, ngay c\u1ea3 x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n nh\u1ecf \u1edf c\u1ea5p nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qubit m\u1ea5t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn silicon trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 silicon-28, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf silicon-29. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, germanium t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb, bao g\u1ed3m germanium-73. Silicon-29 v\u00e0 germanium-73 s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 spin h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u1ecfi nam ch\u00e2m vi m\u00f4 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c b\u00ean trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c quay v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, khi h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh v\u00f9ng “nhi\u1ec5u n\u1ec1n”. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed mong manh c\u1ee7a qubit, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u silicon-28 tinh khi\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Theo Quantum Zeitgeist, d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a DOE t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 d\u00f9ng cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

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ORNL \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (SIPRC) nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. \u1ea2nh: DOE<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u1ea1i ORNL, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMIS) nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed theo kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u silicon v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, ORNL cho bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 silicon-29 v\u00e0 germanium-73, \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t silicon-28 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 99,9999%.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn PNNL. Theo Mike Powell, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf PNNL, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00f9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, PNNL ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n silicon v\u00e0 germanium \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u th\u00e0nh silane (SiH\u2084) v\u00e0 germane (GeH\u2084) si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp silicon v\u00e0 germanium c\u1ef1c m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean chip ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n nhi\u1ec7t (TDIS), cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp. B\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed5 sung n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u nguy c\u01a1 pha lo\u00e3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec silane v\u00e0 germane l\u00e0 kh\u00ed nguy hi\u1ec3m, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ef1c cao trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

D\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ORNL v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a PNNL, t\u1ea1o ra ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn cho c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 germanium-70, germanium-76 v\u00e0 ytterbium-171.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. Theo DOE, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea3m r\u1ee7i ro \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

An Khang – Huy Quang <\/strong>t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/em><\/p>\n<\/article>\n

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M\u1ef9 t\u1ea1o d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t silicon si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft cho chip l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thu\u1ed9c hai ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1ef9 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u00fap cung c\u1ea5p silicon-28 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft 99,9999%. Theo Interesting Engineering, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11102,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=11101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11101\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/11102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=11101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=11101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=11101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}