{"id":20873,"date":"2026-10-03T07:17:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T00:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=20873"},"modified":"2026-10-03T07:17:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T00:17:20","slug":"cac-nuoc-thu-phi-giao-thong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=20873","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu ph\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\nC\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu ph\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? <\/h1>\n

\u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ph\u00ed theo \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thu ph\u00ed ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f9n t\u1eafc. Trong \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh (fintech) \u0111ang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu ph\u00ed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (ETC).<\/p>\n

ETC l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 William Vickrey t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1959. Na Uy ti\u00ean phong \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ETC r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i t\u1eeb 1986, trong khi Italy l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tri\u1ec3n khai tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c \u1edf quy m\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u0103m 1989. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 M\u1ef9, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb 1990.<\/p>\n

ETC hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 4 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh, c\u00f9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng thu ph\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 DSRC (giao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafn chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng), RFID (nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n), ANPR (nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00e0 GNSS (h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb v\u1ec7 tinh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0i Loan (Trung Qu\u1ed1c)<\/strong><\/span> l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ETC. C\u00f4ng ty Far Eastern Electronic Tolling Company (FETC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ETC tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2006, FETC \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c l\u00e0n ETC thu ph\u00ed theo l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u1ea1i 23 tr\u1ea1m. Khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i x\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i mua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eafn tr\u00ean xe (OBU), g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o l\u00e0n ETC.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2012, eTag g\u1eafn k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (RFID) m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ETC sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu ph\u00ed theo qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111a l\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng (MLFF), v\u1edbi 319 gi\u00e1 long m\u00f4n (gantry) tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2013, \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m thu ph\u00ed \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ETC t\u00ednh ph\u00ed theo qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean cao t\u1ed1c. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng khi t\u00e0i x\u1ebf di chuy\u1ec3n qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Theo Commonwealth Magazine<\/em>, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u00e0i 926 km, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sang c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng.<\/p>\n

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Xe \u0111i qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 long m\u00f4n c\u00f3 g\u1eafn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan. \u1ea2nh: Taiwan Business Topics<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

T\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e0i Loan, c\u00e1c xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed 20 km m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean to\u00e0n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi cao t\u1ed1c. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u00f9y v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i xe v\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng 0,9-1,8 \u0110\u00e0i t\u1ec7 (0,02-0,05 USD) m\u1ed7i km. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng eTag \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m 10% ph\u00ed, tr\u1eeb v\u00e0o v\u00ed tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

Xe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 eTag s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c camera t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i c\u1ed5ng thu ph\u00ed ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m 10%. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n ph\u00ed sau chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i tr\u00ean trang FETC ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kiosk \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

FETC th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0 Th\u00e1i Lan hay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. T\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 7, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu ph\u00ed \u0111a l\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng (MLFF) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i 140 tr\u1ea1m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng 10% tr\u1ea1m thu ph\u00ed truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, sang h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. MLFF s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i qua tr\u1ea1m thu ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng barrier v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 10 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng FASTag, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (RFID) t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ETC c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00e0i x\u1ebf v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u1ebb.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i 45.000 km, d\u00e0i th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 48 l\u1ea7n m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8 t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u00e2y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb xe tuk-tuk \u0111\u1ebfn xe \u0111\u1ea7u k\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng thu ph\u00ed v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb camera nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3n s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng (ANPR) – c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 khung g\u1ea7m, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng LiDAR \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng xe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c,<\/strong><\/span> vi\u1ec7c thu ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (ETC) hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng song song v\u1edbi th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng (MTC). N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ETC t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 b\u00e3i \u0111\u1ed7 xe t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1996.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n 10 n\u0103m sau, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ed9 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c gia cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ETC v\u00e0 n\u0103m 2014 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Xe \u0111i qua l\u00e0n ETC ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 RFID, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp tr\u00ean k\u00ednh ch\u1eafn gi\u00f3, v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd. Theo ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ETC tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 5%. C\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng ETC t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1m thu ph\u00ed m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0n MTC c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c thu ph\u00ed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed1t \u1edf tr\u1ea1m thu ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, China Daily<\/em> cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1m thu ph\u00ed t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m 2019. \u1ea2nh: IC<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp thu ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng, nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed logistics. N\u0103m 2014, \u00f4ng Wang Gang – Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c trung t\u00e2m ETC thu\u1ed9c B\u1ed9 Giao th\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u00e0n thu ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t g\u1ea5p 5 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0n MTC, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian xe di chuy\u1ec3n qua tr\u1ea1m thu ph\u00ed t\u1eeb 14 gi\u00e2y xu\u1ed1ng 3 gi\u00e2y. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 200 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ETC.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, l\u1ea1i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thu ph\u00ed qua v\u1ec7 tinh. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb GPS \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1ec7 tinh, nh\u1eb1m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thu ph\u00ed. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eeb ph\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec7 tinh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u (Global Navigation Satellite Systems – GNSS) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu ph\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001 t\u1ea1i Th\u1ee5y S\u0129<\/span><\/strong>. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thu ph\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 xe t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 3,5 t\u1ea5n di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c xe n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u GPS. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111o qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe ch\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 trong xe, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o qua v\u1ec7 tinh.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m 2005, \u0110\u1ee9c<\/strong><\/span> c\u0169ng ra m\u1eaft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu ph\u00ed theo qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean GNSS, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 cho xe t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean 12 t\u1ea5n. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1eafn tr\u00ean xe (OBU) l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a xe tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh.<\/p>\n

OBU t\u00ednh ph\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n thu hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u00e1p m\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m x\u1eed l\u00fd – n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ednh ph\u00ed v\u00e0 g\u1eedi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n. Trong hai n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tr\u00ean 99,5%.<\/p>\n

Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ean xe ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1edfi th\u1ee3 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00e0i x\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch thu ph\u00ed th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng tr\u00ean cao t\u1ed1c khi ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp g\u1eafn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb GPS.<\/p>\n

H\u00e0 Thu<\/strong>(t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/article>\n

\n

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C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu ph\u00ed giao th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00e0i Loan c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m thu ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1m th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ph\u00ed theo \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh. V\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20874,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20873","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=20873"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20873\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=20873"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=20873"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=20873"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}