{"id":21056,"date":"2026-10-04T06:17:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T23:17:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=21056"},"modified":"2026-10-04T06:17:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T23:17:23","slug":"phat-hien-manh-moi-ve-vat-chat-toi-bi-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=21056","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\nPh\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n <\/h1>\n

M\u1ef9<\/span>M\u00e1y d\u00f2 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 1,5 km d\u01b0\u1edbi bang South Dakota ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng do h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

Theo National Geographic<\/em>, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) t\u1ea1i C\u01a1 s\u1edf nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t Sanford (SURF) n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 1.524 m b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi bang South Dakota, M\u1ef9, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 16\/6\/2023. Trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u00f4m 1\/9 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Indico, h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o c\u00f3 99,5% kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng va ch\u1ea1m n\u00e0y do m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i g\u00e2y ra, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c y\u1ebfu (WIMP).<\/p>\n

Theo Popular Mechanics<\/em>, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m LZ quy t\u1ee5 250 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1eeb 39 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y d\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 7 t\u1ea5n xenon l\u1ecfng si\u00eau tinh khi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed xenon t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng electron. T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y d\u00f2.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc suy \u0111o\u00e1n, h\u1ea1t WIMP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n xenon, t\u1ea1o ra tia s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng electron. S<\/strong>au khi r\u00e0 so\u00e1t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong 220 ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 3\/2023 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4\/2024, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e0 2,6 sigma. Sigma l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n trong th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u sigma th\u00ec x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t sai l\u1ec7ch c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5p, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang c\u00e0ng cao. Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ea1t l\u00e0 5 sigma, t\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3.5 tri\u1ec7u).<\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 6, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u1edf B\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u00e0 v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cao nh\u1ea5t. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t WIMP th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 200 GeV\/c2<\/sup> (g\u1ea5p 200 l\u1ea7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a proton).<\/p>\n

Theo Richard Gaitskell, nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Brown, ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m LZ, tuy ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Hai th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c \u1edf Italy v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y d\u00f2 xenon l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n

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Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m LZ s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u \u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i tia s\u00e1ng t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1t. \u1ea2nh: SURF<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Wired<\/em> cho bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t keo v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1edbi nhau, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd thi\u00ean v\u0103n. D\u00f9 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 85% v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng hay th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, khi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 k\u00e9o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh sao, thi\u00ean h\u00e0 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac li\u00ean thi\u00ean h\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t duy nh\u1ea5t hay t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p h\u1ea1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau theo c\u00e1ch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 WIMP. Lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, nh\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu WIMP t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u1ea1t t\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sang \u0111\u00f3, va ch\u1ea1m gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

An Khang<\/strong>t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/em><\/p>\n<\/article>\n

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https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/phat-hien-manh-moi-ve-vat-chat-toi-bi-an-5116606.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n M\u1ef9M\u00e1y d\u00f2 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 1,5 km d\u01b0\u1edbi bang South Dakota ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi v\u1ea5n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng do h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i g\u00e2y ra. Theo National Geographic, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21057,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=21056"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21056\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/21057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=21056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=21056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=21056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}