{"id":4142,"date":"2026-07-16T09:54:32","date_gmt":"2026-07-16T02:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=4142"},"modified":"2026-07-16T09:54:32","modified_gmt":"2026-07-16T02:54:32","slug":"nam-den-bi-an-hap-thu-phong-xa-o-nha-may-chernobyl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=4142","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ea5m \u0111en b\u00ed \u1ea9n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Chernobyl"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\nN\u1ea5m \u0111en b\u00ed \u1ea9n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Chernobyl <\/h1>\n

Ukraine<\/span>N\u1ea5m \u0111en m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyl d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 cao.<\/p>\n

Theo Science Alert<\/em>, g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m t\u1eeb khi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1 4 t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyl ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m \u0111en k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 cao nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 melanin trong n\u1ea5m Cladosporium sphaerospermum gi\u00fap n\u00f3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt d\u00f9ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 quang h\u1ee3p, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 radiosynthesis.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd do n\u1ea5m C. sphaerospermum ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a. B\u00ed \u1ea9n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990 khi m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m chuy\u00ean gia do nh\u00e0 vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Nelli Zhdanova c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia Ukraine d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba V\u00f9ng c\u1ea5m Chernobyl \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i xung quanh l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 n\u1ea5m g\u1ed3m 37 lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111en, gi\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 melanin. C. sphaerospermum chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1eabu v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Trong b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 5\/2007 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed PLOS One<\/em>, nh\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 Ekaterina Dadachova v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc Arturo Casadevall l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Y Albert Einstein \u1edf M\u1ef9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho n\u1ea5m C. sphaerospermum nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t mang \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eadt electron ra kh\u1ecfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng ion. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh h\u00f3a, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ADN. Theo BBC<\/em>, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 melanin gi\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Chernobyl ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n 10% trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 caesium ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 so v\u1edbi nu\u00f4i c\u1ea5y trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Theo h\u1ecd, n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 melanin b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

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N\u1ea5m C. sphaerospermum ch\u1ee9a melanin. \u1ea2nh: Rui Tom\u00e9\/Atlas of Mycology<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

B\u00e0i b\u00e1o ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a Dadachova v\u00e0 Casadevall n\u0103m 2008 ch\u1ec9 ra n\u1ea5m C. sphaerospermum c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 quang h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3 thu ho\u1ea1ch b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 melanin c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ed1ng s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chlorophyll. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, melanin ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 ch\u1eafn b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a n\u1ea5m C. sphaerospermum l\u00ean Tr\u1ea1m V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12\/2018 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng gian. Nils Averesch, nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a sinh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Florida v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y so v\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, n\u1ea5m C. sphaerospermum ph\u01a1i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 trong 26 ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh h\u01a1n trung b\u00ecnh 1,21 l\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Averesch cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c. Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m tra ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a melanin trong n\u1ea5m C. sphaerospermum b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt n\u1ea5m tr\u00ean ISS. So v\u1edbi m\u1eabu v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ea5m, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea5m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 cho t\u1edbi nay, gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u1ee3i \u00edch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 ion h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ea5m \u0111en thu ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

An Khang<\/strong>t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/em><\/p>\n<\/article>\n

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https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/nam-den-bi-an-hap-thu-phong-xa-o-nha-may-chernobyl-5092087.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u1ea5m \u0111en b\u00ed \u1ea9n h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Chernobyl UkraineN\u1ea5m \u0111en m\u1ecdc tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyl d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 cao. Theo Science Alert, g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m t\u1eeb khi l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4143,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4142","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4142"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4142\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4143"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4142"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4142"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4142"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}