{"id":5276,"date":"2026-07-20T21:17:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-20T14:17:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=5276"},"modified":"2026-07-20T21:17:18","modified_gmt":"2026-07-20T14:17:18","slug":"cong-nghe-bien-doi-nang-luong-plasma-thanh-dien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=5276","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng plasma th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\nC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng plasma th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n <\/h1>\n

M\u1ef9<\/span>C\u00f4ng ty Realta Fusion \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng plasma trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Theo Interesting Engineering<\/em>, h\u00f4m 19\/6, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf Madison, Wisconsin, M\u1ef9, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng plasma th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng WHAM (Wisconsin HTS Axisymmetric Mirror), thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Wisconsin-Madison (M\u1ef9) ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ty kh\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p Realta Fusion. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0i ampe \u1edf hi\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf kho\u1ea3ng 100 V, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

Realta Fusion, c\u00f4ng ty ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb (magnetic mirror), g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch. Theo gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Kieran Furlong, tuy gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb plasma th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, Realta Fusion l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng minh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1974 khi nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd Richard Post l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Qu\u1ed1c gia Lawrence Livermore c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i Venetian Blind ra \u0111\u1eddi trong th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 1970, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Tandem Mirror v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb GAMMA 10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u0103m 2008.<\/p>\n

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Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh lai c\u1ee7a Realta Fusion c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec plasma. \u1ea2nh: Realta Fusion<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Theo Tech Crunch<\/em>, c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a WHAM d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb. Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n trong plasma di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf, khi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 quay turbine ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t trong plasma, h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00f2.<\/p>\n

Derek Sutherland, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Realta Fusion, cho bi\u1ebft th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. WHAM ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Realta Fusion \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tri\u1ec3n khai nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n module \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 2030.<\/p>\n

Theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh lai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec7n. Chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng (bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc quay turbine) s\u1ebd x\u1eed l\u00fd 80% t\u1ed5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 45%. 20% n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n nh\u1edd b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u00ean 90%. C\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng plasma c\u1ef1c n\u00f3ng b\u00ean trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m 10-20% gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Theo IFL Science<\/em>, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n s\u1ea1ch, an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u1ede c\u00f9ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p 4 tri\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, than \u0111\u00e1, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p 4 l\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n nay. Trong khi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ea1ch chia t\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

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Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb WHAM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 khai th\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb. \u1ea2nh: Realta Fusion<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

D\u00f9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydro bao g\u1ed3m hai \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb deuterium v\u00e0 tritium. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ea1t neutron n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (chi\u1ebfm 80%) v\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n heli hay h\u1ea1t alpha (20%). L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 neutron, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 quay turbine v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh plasma nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng b\u1eaby t\u1eeb t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb. Do plasma c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch, c\u00e1c nam ch\u00e2m gi\u1eef n\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9a l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. \u1ede ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch, t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “v\u00f9ng n\u00f3n m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t”, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t plasma kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng giam gi\u1eef. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Realta Fusion \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng plasma th\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

An Khang<\/strong>t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/em><\/p>\n<\/article>\n

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https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/cong-nghe-bien-doi-nang-luong-plasma-thanh-dien-5093551.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng plasma th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n M\u1ef9C\u00f4ng ty Realta Fusion \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng plasma trong l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. Theo Interesting Engineering, h\u00f4m 19\/6, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1ch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf Madison, Wisconsin, M\u1ef9, l\u1ea7n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5277,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5276"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5276\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5277"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}