{"id":573,"date":"2026-06-24T12:12:41","date_gmt":"2026-06-24T11:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=573"},"modified":"2026-06-24T12:12:41","modified_gmt":"2026-06-24T11:12:41","slug":"asml-tsmc-va-imec-che-tao-thanh-cong-bong-ban-dan-vat-lieu-2d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/?p=573","title":{"rendered":"ASML, TSMC v\u00e0 Imec ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D"},"content":{"rendered":"
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T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vi m\u1ea1ch VLSI 2026 tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u1edf Hawaii, Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn Imec (B\u1ec9), nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang kh\u1eafc ASML (H\u00e0 Lan) v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip TSMC (\u0110\u00e0i Loan) c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D.<\/p>\n

Ba \u00f4ng l\u1edbn cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (transistor) b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 nFET v\u00e0 pFET tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m wafer \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 300 mm ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c si\u00eau nh\u1ecf 50 nm. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean transistor 2D b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Theo Tom’s Hardware<\/em>, h\u01a1n 50 n\u0103m qua, ng\u00e0nh chip to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt Moore, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thu nh\u1ecf k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi x\u1eed l\u00fd, gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n, r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, silicon – v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a chip x\u1eed l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i – \u0111ang ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Khi transistor qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sinh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ng\u00e0nh chip t\u1eebng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac FinFET hay Gate-All-Around (GAA), nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf chip.<\/p>\n

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L<\/span>i\u00ean minh Imec, ASML v\u00e0 TSMC h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D. \u1ea2nh: Dempa Digital<\/em><\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean s\u00e1ng gi\u00e1. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 3D truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0i l\u1edbp nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ecfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y qua transistor t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. Th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D t\u1eeb ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o v\u00e0i chip th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 transistor tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m wafer l\u1edbn v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a li\u00ean minh Imec, ASML v\u00e0 TSMC l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 quang kh\u1eafc EUVc\u1ee7a ASML v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd thu h\u1eb9p chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i k\u00eanh d\u1eabn xu\u1ed1ng 28 nm. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 94% tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ea5m wafer 300 mm.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang c\u0169ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb ba \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb l\u1edbn trong chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong \u0111\u00f3, Imec nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, ASML cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u00f2n TSMC c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ASML tham gia \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn 2D m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh m\u00e1y quang kh\u1eafc EUV hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng chip l\u1edbn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eadp \u0111i x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng si\u00eau nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c t\u1ef7 USD ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a TSMC, x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fac chip cho Apple, Nvidia, AMD…, gi\u00fap kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd.<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111ang khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. \u1ede ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng AI ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi chip m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 pin l\u1edbn. B\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n. V\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1edf hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao nh\u01b0ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n mang t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc smartphone c\u00f3 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng pin v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, laptop m\u1ecfng nh\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n qu\u1ea1t t\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng si\u00eau m\u00e1y t\u00ednh AI x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a chip 2D kh\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra ngay trong m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t trong ng\u00e0nh b\u00e1n d\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u1ea3 th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. Gi\u1edbi chuy\u00ean gia d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a chip v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u 2D s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2030, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng cao chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

Huy \u0110\u1ee9c<\/strong> t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/em><\/p>\n<\/article>\n

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https:\/\/vnexpress.net\/asml-tsmc-va-imec-che-tao-thanh-cong-bong-ban-dan-vat-lieu-2d-5088070.html<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 vi m\u1ea1ch VLSI 2026 tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u1edf Hawaii, Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn Imec (B\u1ec9), nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang kh\u1eafc ASML (H\u00e0 Lan) v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t chip TSMC (\u0110\u00e0i Loan) c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i cho b\u00f3ng b\u00e1n d\u1eabn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":574,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-573","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/573","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=573"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/573\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=573"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=573"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/useful.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=573"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}